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Which statement describes the Frank-Starling mechanism?


A) An increase in the filling time of the ventricles increases the contraction pressure.
B) Increasing flow from the heart increases arterial pressure.
C) Increasing pressure in the heart increases outflow.
D) Stretching of the cardiac muscle increases the force of its contraction at the cellular level.

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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Which of the following are similar between an octopus heart and mammalian heart? I. Myogenic heart II_ Systemic heart III. Respiratory pump IV. Pressure from systemic heart around 120 mm Hg


A) I and II
B) I, II, and III
C) I, III, and IV
D) I, II, III, and IV

E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

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Refer to the figure shown. Refer to the figure shown. Which area(s) contain oxygenated blood? A) I, II, and III B) IV and V C) IV only D) III only Which area(s) contain oxygenated blood?


A) I, II, and III
B) IV and V
C) IV only
D) III only

E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

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Which concept(s) regarding circulation was(were) not part of the 18th century knowledge base? I. Tissue blood flow II. Round trip flow in major vessels III. Blood transport O2 to tissues IV. Existence of capillaries V. Hormones are transported in blood


A) I, II, and III
B) III and V
C) V
D) III

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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Why does the depolarization wave not travel across the mammalian heart from anterior to posterior (atria to ventricles) in a linear wave?

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The depolarization wave emanating from t...

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How is vascular resistance related to the Poiseuille equation?

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Although there is no direct value for re...

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Which statement regarding microcirculatory beds is true?


A) Smooth muscles in the walls of arterioles are responsible for vasoconstriction and vasodilation.
B) Anastomoses are the one possible path from an arteriole to a venule.
C) The walls of capillaries consist of vascular endothelium and a smooth muscle layer.
D) Venules and arterioles are the preeminent sites of O2 and water exchange.

E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

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Small spaces among cells of nonvascular organs and tissues are called


A) lacunae.
B) sinuses.
C) ostia.
D) interstitial.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Refer to the figure shown. Refer to the figure shown. What is the order of blood flow? A) I → II → III → IV → V B) I → V → IV → III → II C) I → III → IV → V → II D) IV → V → I → III → II What is the order of blood flow?


A) I → II → III → IV → V
B) I → V → IV → III → II
C) I → III → IV → V → II
D) IV → V → I → III → II

E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

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A neurogenic heart and a myogenic heart both have all the neurons attached to it removed. Which of the following is an accurate representation of the result?


A) The neurogenic heart will continue to beat whereas the myogenic heart will cease to beat.
B) The neurogenic heart will cease to beat whereas the myogenic heart will continue to beat.
C) Both hearts will continue to beat, but at different rates.
D) Both hearts will cease to beat.

E) All of the above
F) None of the above

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Most crustaceans have _______ hearts.


A) myogenic
B) neurogenic
C) hemogenic
D) non innervated

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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A squid meets the increased demand for O2 at the tissues during intense exercise by


A) increasing its circulation rate.
B) pulling more O2 from the blood.
C) both increasing circulation rate and pulling more O2 from the blood.
D) making use of anaerobic metabolism only.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and C)

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