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The pan-African belief in a distinctive "African personality" includes which of the following planks?


A) All Africans hade encoded within them a distinct culture and personality, no matter where they are.
B) All persons of African heritage, whether forced to migrate or free migrants, should return to their motherland.
C) African political community is built on humanistic values that more allow for individual greatness, compared to capitalism or totalitarian communism.

D) A) and B)
E) A) and C)

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How did colonialism prevent economic development in African colonies?

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Colonialism prevented economic developme...

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Why is economic inequality such a problem in Kenya?

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Economic inequality in Kenya is a signif...

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How did apartheid end in South Africa? Who were the most significant figures in that effort, and how did South Africa transition from apartheid to post-apartheid state?

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Apartheid in South Africa officially end...

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What problems and advantages do Kenya and Tanzania share? How are the postcolonial experiences of these two countries different?

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Kenya and Tanzania share several problem...

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Which of the following is one of the wealthiest countries in Africa?


A) Ghana because of its gold mines
B) Kenya because of its coffee plantations
C) Nigeria because of its oil reserves

D) A) and B)
E) A) and C)

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The Western colonial presence in Africa resulted in all except which of the following?


A) A fully developed industrial sector throughout the entire continent
B) An improvement in sanitation and medical care for urban elites
C) Little improvement in living conditions for most Africans

D) A) and B)
E) A) and C)

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What was the Arusha Declaration, and why was it significant?

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The Arusha Declaration was a political s...

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Which two leaders finally ended the apartheid regime without major bloodshed in South Africa?


A) Francis Malan and Jomo Kenyatta
B) F. W. de Klerk and Nelson Mandela
C) P. J. Surhoff and Thabo Mbeki

D) A) and B)
E) All of the above

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What was the cause of the Rwandan genocide?

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The Rwandan genocide, which took place o...

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Which organization was established in Addis Ababa in 1963 to further African continental unity?


A) African National Congress (ANC)
B) Organization of African Unity (OAU)
C) African Economic Community (AEC)

D) A) and B)
E) A) and C)

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Describe the composition and goals of early anticolonial resistance organizations. What motivated them to organize, and what successes did they have?

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The early anticolonial resistance organi...

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African economic growth has been limited by all except which of the following?


A) Excessive water pollution by Africa's successful industrial development
B) The necessity to import technology and manufactured goods from the West
C) The spread of AIDS

D) A) and B)
E) A) and C)

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Why did so many African states inherit quickly growing populations after independence?

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Many African states inherited quickly gr...

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Why was France so committed to winning the Algerian war of independence? What results did this have in Algerian and in France?

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France was so committed to winning the A...

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Which French colony fought a violent campaign for independence in the 1950s, finally achieving it in 1962?


A) Morocco
B) Algeria
C) Tunisia

D) None of the above
E) All of the above

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To what extent does religious difference produce conflict across Africa?

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Religious difference has been a signific...

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How are the pluralistic governments established in most African states at the time of independence best described?


A) They led to the creation of successful democracies, despite a few failures.
B) They all adopted capitalist approaches to economic policy because of the European influence.
C) They were hastily arranged and often gave way to military regimes and one-party governments.

D) All of the above
E) B) and C)

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How has oil helped Nigerian political, economic, and social development? It what ways has oil harmed it?

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Oil has played a significant role in sha...

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What is ethnicity?

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