Question 1

After mutagenesis and screening take place, you have found a mutant that is able to grow in soil with high copper content. Protein analysis shows that the concentration of metallothioneins in the mutant is different from that in normal plants. How does the concentration of metallothioneins likely differ in the mutant relative to the normal plant?

Accepted Answer

A)   The concentration of metallothioneins is greater in the mutant.
B)   The concentration of metallothioneins is lower in the mutant.
C)   Metallothioneins are absent in the mutant.
D)   Metallothioneins are the most abundant proteins in the mutant.E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 2

Elemental analysis of wild-type (WT) \text {Elemental analysis of wild-type (WT) }Elemental analysis of wild-type (WT)  
  and irt1-1 roots. Plants were grown in\text { and irt1-1 roots. Plants were grown in} and irt1-1 roots. Plants were grown in 
 \text { the presence ( + \mathrm { Fe } )  or absence $( - \mathrm { Fe } ) $ } 
  of iron for 5 days. DW = dry weight\text { of iron for 5 days. DW = dry weight} of iron for 5 days. DW = dry weight 
(−Fe) ( - \mathrm { Fe } ) (−Fe)  }   \text { of iron for 5 days. DW = dry weight}     Figure 36.2 -The IRT1 gene is responsible for most of the iron uptake activity in roots Vert et al., Plant Cell 14 [2002]:1223- 33) . To determine the specificity of the IRT1 transporter in Arabidopsis plants, researchers measured the concentration of manganese, zinc, copper, and cobalt contained in wild- type and irt1- 1 mutant plants. What conclusions about IRT1 specificity can you draw from the above data? A)  IRT1 participates in the transport of iron, zinc, manganese, and cobalt independent of iron concentration. B)  Under iron- deficient conditions, IRT1 is important for the transport of iron and copper. C)  IRT1 is important for the transport of iron and copper independent of iron concentration. D)  Under iron- deficient conditions, IRT1 is highly specific for Fe. E)  Under iron- deficient conditions, IRT1 is necessary for the transport of iron, zinc, manganese, and cobalt. " class="answers-bank-image d-inline" rel="preload" >
 Figure 36.2
-The IRT1 gene is responsible for most of the iron uptake activity in roots Vert et al., Plant Cell 14
[2002]:1223- 33) . To determine the specificity of the IRT1 transporter in Arabidopsis plants, researchers measured the concentration of manganese, zinc, copper, and cobalt contained in wild- type and irt1- 1 mutant plants.
What conclusions about IRT1 specificity can you draw from the above data?

Accepted Answer

A)   IRT1 participates in the transport of iron, zinc, manganese, and cobalt independent of iron concentration.
B)   Under iron- deficient conditions, IRT1 is important for the transport of iron and copper.
C)   IRT1 is important for the transport of iron and copper independent of iron concentration.
D)   Under iron- deficient conditions, IRT1 is highly specific for Fe.
E)   Under iron- deficient conditions, IRT1 is necessary for the transport of iron, zinc, manganese, and cobalt. F) A) and E)
G) None of the above E

Question 3

What is the charge on the inside of a plant cell plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

A)   neutral
B)   negative
C)   positiveD) A) and B)
E) A) and C)

Question 4

While hiking in a forest, you notice an unusual plant growing on the branches of a tree. What will help you to determine if this plant is epiphytic or parasitic?

Accepted Answer

A)   The root of an epiphytic plant will be in the soil, but a parasitic plant will grow from the trunk of a tree.
B)   The roots of a parasitic plant will penetrate under the bark into the tree xylem, and the roots of an epithetic plant will not.
C)   The epithetic plant will have leaves forming tanks collecting water, and the parasitic plant will not.
D)   If the plant is green, it is epiphytic; if not, then it is parasitic.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 5

Why do plants use cotransporters instead of ion channels to transfer anions into cells?

Accepted Answer

A)   Cotransporters are able to transfer anions against the proton gradient, but ion channels cannot.
B)   Cotransporters are able to transfer anions against the concentration gradient, but ion channels cannot.
C)   Cotransporters are able to transfer anions against the membrane potential gradient, but ion channels cannot.
D)   Anions are too bulky to be transported by ion channels.E) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 6

Which criteria allow biologists to divide chemicals into macronutrients and micronutrients?

Accepted Answer

A)   whether or not they are essential for plant growth
B)   their availability in the soil
C)   the way they are used by plants
D)   the amounts in which plants need them
E)   all of the aboveF) A) and C)
G) A) and D)

Question 7

What major benefits do plants and mycorrhizal fungi receive from their symbiotic relationship?

Accepted Answer

A)   Plants receive sugars, and fungi receive nitrogen.
B)   Plants receive macronutrients, and fungi receive micronutrients.
C)   Plants receive nitrogen and phosphorus, and fungi receive sugars.
D)   Plants receive micronutrients, and fungi receive sugars.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 8

Which elements are most often the limiting nutrients for plant growth?

Accepted Answer

A)   nitrogen, sodium, phosphorus
B)   nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur
C)   nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus
D)   calcium, nitrogen, phosphorus
E)   phosphorus, potassium, carbonF) D) and E)
G) B) and E)

Question 9

The ability for a plant's roots to obtain nutrients and oxygen from the soil is partly determined by a soil's texture. Texture describes which of the following soil components?

Accepted Answer

A)   the amount of added fertilizer
B)   proportions of gravel, sand, clay, and silt
C)   moisture level
D)   dissolved oxygen
E)   decaying organic materialF) A) and D)
G) B) and D) B

Question 10

Researchers are interested in improving crop plants to enable them to form a symbiotic relationship with nitrogen- fixing bacteria. What genes would you need to transfer to a plant that does not associate with rhizobia to enable it to do so?

Accepted Answer

A)   genes responsible for the synthesis of flavonoids and receptor for Nod factors
B)   receptor for Nod factors and leghemoglobin gene
C)   genes responsible for the synthesis of Nod factors and receptor for flavonoids
D)   genes responsible for the synthesis of Nod factors and receptor for flavonoids and leghemoglobin gene
E)   None of the above is sufficient, since many more genes need to be transferred.F) C) and D)
G) B) and C)

Question 11

What is the function of proton pumps localized in the plant plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

A)   to transfer metal ions across the plasma membrane
B)   to transfer phosphorous groups from ATP to proteins
C)   to create ATP
D)   to transfer anions across the plasma membrane
E)   to create a membrane potentialF) B) and D)
G) C) and D)

Question 12

What type of soil contains the highest amount of oxygen?

Accepted Answer

A)   gravel
B)   silt
C)   sand
D)   clayE) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 13

What is the right sequence of steps during infection of plants by nitrogen- fixing bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)   Rhizobia release Nod factors; roots release flavonoids; rhizobia proliferate inside of root hair; infection thread grows into the root cortex; nodule forms.
B)   Rhizobia release flavonoids; roots release Nod factors; rhizobia proliferate inside of root hair; infection thread grows into the root cortex; nodule forms.
C)   Roots release flavonoids; rhizobia release Nod factors; rhizobia proliferate inside of root hair; nodule forms; infection thread grows into the root cortex.
D)   Roots release Nod factors; rhizobia release flavonoids; rhizobia proliferate inside of root hair; nodule forms; infection thread grows into the root cortex.
E)   Roots release flavonoids; rhizobia release Nod factors; rhizobia proliferate inside of root hair; infection thread grows into the root cortex; nodule forms.F) C) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 14

Soil leaching is usually

Accepted Answer

A)   beneficial for plants.
B)   harmful for plants.
C)   neutral for plants.D) A) and B)
E) A) and C)

Question 15

Which of the following is not true about an essential nutrient?

Accepted Answer

A)   It is necessary for plant growth and reproduction.
B)   It cannot be synthesized by a plant.
C)   It is required for a specific structure or metabolic function.
D)   It is produced by symbiotic bacteria.
E)   All of the above are correct.F) B) and E)
G) All of the above

Question 16

A scientist observed a plant where only the young leaves are deteriorating. What nutrient is likely in short supply?

Accepted Answer

A)   nitrogen
B)   potassium
C)   a mobile nutrient
D)   iron
E)   phosphorousF) All of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 17

Both ectomycorrhizal fungi and rhizobia are able to supply plants with usable forms of nitrogen. From what sources do rhizobia and ectomycorrhizal fungi that are associated with plants obtain nitrogen?

Accepted Answer

A)   They both absorb ammonia from soil, which they nitrify to NO2- .
B)   They both absorb N2 from the atmosphere.
C)   Fungi obtain nitrogen by decomposition of organic material, and rhizobia absorb N2 from the atmosphere.
D)   They both obtain nitrogen by decomposition of organic material.
E)   Fungi absorb N2 from the atmosphere, and rhizobia obtain nitrogen by decomposition of organic material.F) A) and C)
G) A) and E)

Question 18

Humus is comprised of which of the following components?

Accepted Answer

A)   gravel, sand, and silt
B)   loams
C)   clay
D)   biotic and decaying organic material
E)   inorganic materialF) C) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 19

To understand the role of zinc in plant growth and development, you are growing a tomato plant using hydroponics. Which plant organs do you expect to have defects if you provide the plant with a solution devoid of zinc?

Accepted Answer

A)   above- ground organs
B)   all organs
C)   stems
D)   roots
E)   leavesF) A) and C)
G) All of the above B

Question 20

Spanish moss, an epiphyte, obtains nutrients from which possible source?

Accepted Answer

A)   insects
B)   soil
C)   humus
D)   the oak tree it lives on
E)   dustF) All of the above
G) B) and C)

Exam 36: Plant Nutrition

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
E

What is the charge on the inside of a plant cell plasma membrane?

Correct Answer
verified

While hiking in a forest, you notice an unusual plant growing on the branches of a tree. What will help you to determine if this plant is epiphytic or parasitic?

Correct Answer
verified

Why do plants use cotransporters instead of ion channels to transfer anions into cells?

Correct Answer
verified

Which criteria allow biologists to divide chemicals into macronutrients and micronutrients?

Correct Answer
verified

What major benefits do plants and mycorrhizal fungi receive from their symbiotic relationship?

Correct Answer
verified

Which elements are most often the limiting nutrients for plant growth?

Correct Answer
verified

The ability for a plant's roots to obtain nutrients and oxygen from the soil is partly determined by a soil's texture. Texture describes which of the following soil components?

Correct Answer
verified
B

Researchers are interested in improving crop plants to enable them to form a symbiotic relationship with nitrogen- fixing bacteria. What genes would you need to transfer to a plant that does not associate with rhizobia to enable it to do so?

Correct Answer
verified

What is the function of proton pumps localized in the plant plasma membrane?

Correct Answer
verified

What type of soil contains the highest amount of oxygen?

Correct Answer
verified

What is the right sequence of steps during infection of plants by nitrogen- fixing bacteria?

Correct Answer
verified

Soil leaching is usually

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is not true about an essential nutrient?

Correct Answer
verified

A scientist observed a plant where only the young leaves are deteriorating. What nutrient is likely in short supply?

Correct Answer
verified

Both ectomycorrhizal fungi and rhizobia are able to supply plants with usable forms of nitrogen. From what sources do rhizobia and ectomycorrhizal fungi that are associated with plants obtain nitrogen?

Correct Answer
verified

Humus is comprised of which of the following components?

Correct Answer
verified

To understand the role of zinc in plant growth and development, you are growing a tomato plant using hydroponics. Which plant organs do you expect to have defects if you provide the plant with a solution devoid of zinc?

Correct Answer
verified
B

Spanish moss, an epiphyte, obtains nutrients from which possible source?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 36: Plant Nutrition

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedE

What is the charge on the inside of a plant cell plasma membrane?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

While hiking in a forest, you notice an unusual plant growing on the branches of a tree. What will help you to determine if this plant is epiphytic or parasitic?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why do plants use cotransporters instead of ion channels to transfer anions into cells?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which criteria allow biologists to divide chemicals into macronutrients and micronutrients?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What major benefits do plants and mycorrhizal fungi receive from their symbiotic relationship?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which elements are most often the limiting nutrients for plant growth?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The ability for a plant's roots to obtain nutrients and oxygen from the soil is partly determined by a soil's texture. Texture describes which of the following soil components?

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Researchers are interested in improving crop plants to enable them to form a symbiotic relationship with nitrogen- fixing bacteria. What genes would you need to transfer to a plant that does not associate with rhizobia to enable it to do so?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the function of proton pumps localized in the plant plasma membrane?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What type of soil contains the highest amount of oxygen?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the right sequence of steps during infection of plants by nitrogen- fixing bacteria?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Soil leaching is usually

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is not true about an essential nutrient?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A scientist observed a plant where only the young leaves are deteriorating. What nutrient is likely in short supply?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Both ectomycorrhizal fungi and rhizobia are able to supply plants with usable forms of nitrogen. From what sources do rhizobia and ectomycorrhizal fungi that are associated with plants obtain nitrogen?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Humus is comprised of which of the following components?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

To understand the role of zinc in plant growth and development, you are growing a tomato plant using hydroponics. Which plant organs do you expect to have defects if you provide the plant with a solution devoid of zinc?

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Spanish moss, an epiphyte, obtains nutrients from which possible source?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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E

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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B

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Correct Answer
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B

Correct Answer
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